NASA scientists may quickly have the ability to forecast volcanic eruptions by monitoring how bushes reply from area. Now, in a brand new collaboration with the Smithsonian Institution, they’ve found that tree leaves develop lusher and greener when beforehand dormant volcanic carbon dioxide seeps up from the bottom — an early warning {that a} cone of magma is pushing upwards. Now, utilizing satellites similar to Landsat 8 and information from the latest AVUELO mission, scientists suppose this organic response might be seen remotely, serving as an added layer of early warning for eruptions in high-risk areas that presently menace thousands and thousands worldwide.
NASA Uses Tree Greening as Satellite Clue for Early Volcano Eruption Warnings in Remote Regions
As per the analysis by NASA’s Earth Science Division at Ames Research Centre, greening happens when bushes take up volcanic carbon dioxide launched as magma rises. These emissions precede sulfur dioxide and are more durable to detect instantly from orbit.
While carbon dioxide doesn’t at all times seem apparent in satellite tv for pc photos, its downstream results — enhanced vegetation, for instance — may help reinforce present volcanic early warning methods, notes volcanologist Florian Schwandner. It might be essential as a result of, because the U.S. Geological Survey says, the nation continues to be one of the crucial volcanically energetic.
Globally, about 1,350 probably energetic volcanoes exist, many in distant or hazardous places. On-site gasoline measurement is dear and harmful, prompting volcanologists like Robert Bogue and Nicole Guinn to discover tree-based proxies.
Guinn’s research of tree leaves round Sicily’s Mount Etna discovered a powerful correlation between leaf color and underground volcanic exercise. Satellites similar to Sentinel-2 and Terra have confirmed able to capturing these delicate vegetative adjustments, significantly in forested volcanic areas.
To affirm this methodology, local weather scientist Josh Fisher led NASA-Smithsonian groups in March 2025 to Panama and Costa Rica, amassing tree samples and measuring gasoline ranges close to energetic volcanoes. Fisher sees this interdisciplinary analysis as key to each volcano forecasting and understanding long-term tree response to atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is able to reveal future local weather situations.
The advantages of early carbon dioxide detection have been demonstrated within the 2017 eruption of Mayon volcano within the Philippines, the place it allowed mass evacuations and saved greater than 56,000 lives. It has its limitations, like dangerous terrain or an excessive amount of environmental noise, nevertheless it might be a game-changer.
